The book presents research works developed within the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) by senior and young researchers that participated in the Intensive Research Program “Advances in the anthropological theory of the didactic and their consequences in curricula and teacher education” held at the Centre de Recerca Matematica (CRM) in Barcelona. It is organized in three axes of current research on the ATD: teacher education and the professionalization of teaching; the curriculum problem in the historical transition from the classical paradigm of visiting works to the emerging didactic paradigm of questioning the world; and research in didactics at the university level.